Marine Fighting Squadron 122 (United States): Difference between revisions
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== Formation and history == | == Formation and history == | ||
=== 18 June 1945 - Adverse weather and new pilots === | === 18 June 1945 - Adverse weather and new pilots === | ||
==== 0600 to 1915 - Four planes on standby during bad weather ==== | ==== 0600 to 1915 - Four planes on standby during bad weather ==== | ||
All scheduled flighters were cancelled due to continued adverse weather conditions reported. An alert standby of four aircraft and pilots was maintained between these times<ref name=": | All scheduled flighters were cancelled due to continued adverse weather conditions reported. An alert standby of four aircraft and pilots was maintained between these times<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/101709978?objectPage=13 |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |page=13}}</ref>. | ||
==== Additional 16 pilots ==== | ==== Additional 16 pilots ==== | ||
On 18 June 16 pilots joined VMF-122. The list was as follows<ref name=": | On 18 June 16 pilots joined VMF-122. The list was as follows<ref name=":02" />: | ||
{{Multiple issues|I can't find the full names of the most of the people involved. Therefore more research will be needed to find out more about who is who. Use the Joe McPhail article for more information}} | {{Multiple issues|I can't find the full names of the most of the people involved. Therefore more research will be needed to find out more about who is who. Use the Joe McPhail article for more information}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 101: | Line 98: | ||
|UMSCR | |UMSCR | ||
|} | |} | ||
The serial numbers would be referring to the Bureau numbers of their Corsairs. The USMCR would indicate that all but one ([[James A Felton]]) is in the [[United States Marine Corps Reserve|Marine Corps Reserve]], unlike Felton who is in the [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]]. | The serial numbers would be referring to the Bureau numbers of their Corsairs. The USMCR would indicate that all but one ([[James A Felton|James A Feliton]]) is in the [[United States Marine Corps Reserve|Marine Corps Reserve]], unlike Felton who is in the [[United States Marine Corps|USMC]]. The list includes [[Joe McPhail]]. Another was [[John William Ruhsam|John Ruhsam]]. | ||
=== 3 July 1945 - Bombing west Ngatpang on Babelthuap === | === 3 July 1945 - Bombing west Ngatpang on Babelthuap === | ||
On 3 July 12 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to take off on a mission of bombing West [[Ngatpang]] on Babelthuap. The pilots that would be participating were: | On 3 July 12 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to take off on a mission of bombing West [[Ngatpang]] on Babelthuap. The pilots that would be participating were: | ||
* Captain Scherer | * Captain [[Raymond Forrest Scherer|Scherer]] | ||
* Lt. Dorrell | * Lt. [[Richard F. Dorrell|Dorrell]] | ||
* Lt Bacon | * Lt [[Charles Edward Bacon Jr|Bacon]] | ||
* Lt. Barrett | * Lt. [[Raymond M. Barrett|Barrett]] | ||
* | * Lt. [[Warren William Bestwick|Bestwick]] | ||
* Lt. | * Lt. [[John William Ruhsam|Ruhsam]] | ||
* Lt. Wade | * Lt. [[Robert Wade|Wade]] | ||
* Lt. Feliton | * Lt. [[James August Feliton|Feliton]] | ||
* Lt [[Charles W Weitzel Jr|Weitzel]] | * Lt [[Charles W Weitzel Jr|Weitzel]] | ||
* Lt. Thacker | * Lt. [[Glenn O. Thacker|Thacker]] | ||
* Lt. Miller | * Lt. [[Norman Samuel Miller|Miller]] | ||
* Capt. McPhail | * Capt. [[Joe McPhail|McPhail]] | ||
The pilots were briefed beforehand on the mission. They would have been told of the fact that by this time the installations and settlement that formed West Ngatpang had been reduced to rubble, however the area was still reported to contain a different variety of supplies. On either side of the road were concealed beneath the dense foliage, were the supplies, which, according to informations from POWs, were looked after and presumably cherished by many units around the area being well known locally. | The pilots were briefed beforehand on the mission. They would have been told of the fact that by this time the installations and settlement that formed West Ngatpang had been reduced to rubble, however the area was still reported to contain a different variety of supplies. On either side of the road were concealed beneath the dense foliage, were the supplies, which, according to informations from POWs, were looked after and presumably cherished by many units around the area being well known locally. | ||
The pilots were briefed to area bomb this district, located 2.5 miles inland from the West Coast. The target area was an area of 500 x 400 yds<ref name=": | The pilots were briefed to area bomb this district, located 2.5 miles inland from the West Coast. The target area was an area of 500 x 400 yds<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=3 July 1945 |title=IIc(20), VMF-122, Peleliu Island THRU IIc(23), VMF-212, Guluan, Samar, Awase, Kadena; Okinawa |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/138937320?objectPage=179 |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |pages=179-183}}</ref>. | ||
==== 1000 - Takeoff ==== | ==== 1000 - Takeoff ==== | ||
At 1000 all 12 planes, loaded with each 2 500 lbs [[General Purpose b|G.P]] bombs with .1 Nose .025 Tail fuze settings, fueled on average with 230, took off from Peleliu for their mission<ref name=": | At 1000 all 12 planes, loaded with each 2 500 lbs [[General Purpose b|G.P]] bombs with .1 Nose .025 Tail fuze settings, fueled on average with 230, took off from Peleliu for their mission<ref name=":12" />. | ||
==== 1025 - Arrival over target ==== | ==== 1025 - Arrival over target ==== | ||
25 minutes after takeoff and flying for 60 miles, the group arrived at West Ngatpang. The had clear visibility of the target with 3/10 light cumulus clouds at 4500ft with visibility for 25 miles. The approach was made from the west and were planned to come out the same way to permit a water [[landing]] if they were hit. All planes dove at 50° without a bomb sight. | 25 minutes after takeoff and flying for 60 miles, the group arrived at West Ngatpang. The had clear visibility of the target with 3/10 light cumulus clouds at 4500ft with visibility for 25 miles. The approach was made from the west and were planned to come out the same way to permit a water [[landing]] if they were hit. All planes dove at 50° without a bomb sight. | ||
Captain Scherer released his bomb at 3000ft both on TA 654 Roger. Lt. Dorrell released also at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Queer. Lt. Bacon released at 2500 ft both bombs hitting TA 654 Item. Lt Barrett released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Lt. Bestwick released 2500 ft with both hitting TA 654 Sugar. Ruhsam released at 1500 ft making a direct hit on AA position in TA 654 George. Wade released also at 1500 ft both hitting TA 654 Able. Feliton released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 654 Queen. Weitzel released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 636 Able. Thacker released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Miller released his bombs at 2500 ft in TA 654 (exact position not known). McPhail released his at 2500 ft both landing in TA 654 Mike. | Captain Scherer released his bomb at 3000ft both on TA 654 Roger. Lt. Dorrell released also at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Queer. Lt. Bacon released at 2500 ft both bombs hitting TA 654 Item. Lt Barrett released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Lt. Bestwick released 2500 ft with both hitting TA 654 Sugar. Ruhsam released at 1500 ft making a direct hit on AA position in TA 654 George. Wade released also at 1500 ft both hitting TA 654 Able. Feliton released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 654 Queen. Weitzel released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 636 Able. Thacker released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Miller released his bombs at 2500 ft in TA 654 (exact position not known). McPhail released his at 2500 ft both landing in TA 654 Mike. | ||
All the ordonnances would have exploded with no duds. The pilots believed that they had done considerable damage but observed that the target area was still well covered. They also didn't observe any secondary explosions. | All the ordonnances would have exploded with no duds. The pilots believed that they had done considerable damage but observed that the target area was still well covered. They also didn't observe any secondary explosions. | ||
With the exception of the AA being hit, the other damage from the other bombs was undetermined. | With the exception of the AA being hit, the other damage from the other bombs was undetermined. | ||
On the mission the pilots only encountered moderate 20-50mm AA, and noted that the air was filled with about 25-30 black puffs of medium calibre AA which detonated from 10,000 to 4000 ft, none of which was sufficiently close to cause concern. | On the mission the pilots only encountered moderate 20-50mm AA, and noted that the air was filled with about 25-30 black puffs of medium calibre AA which detonated from 10,000 to 4000 ft, none of which was sufficiently close to cause concern. | ||
In total 800 rounds of .50 cal were expended<ref name=": | In total 800 rounds of .50 cal were expended<ref name=":12" />. | ||
==== 1100 - Return ==== | ==== 1100 - Return ==== | ||
At 1100 local time the 12 Corsairs returned from their mission without any casualties or causes of concern. A report was conducted by Captain Fletcher and approved by Major Sapp<ref name=": | At 1100 local time the 12 Corsairs returned from their mission without any casualties or causes of concern. A report was conducted by Captain Fletcher and approved by Major Sapp<ref name=":12" />. | ||
=== 8 July 1945 - Bombing Bivouac and supply area in Babelthuap === | === 8 July 1945 - Bombing Bivouac and supply area in Babelthuap === | ||
| Line 146: | Line 143: | ||
=== 10 August 1945 === | === 10 August 1945 === | ||
==== 0900 ==== | ==== 0900 ==== | ||
At 0900 <!-- The document says "9900" but is probably an error of the person typing accidentally typing a 9 instead of a 0. And plus it ends an hour later at 1000 -->in the "-10" time zone on Peleliu island, 4 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to bomb the gardens of Babelthuap. | At 0900 <!--The document says "9900" but is probably an error of the person typing accidentally typing a 9 instead of a 0. And plus it ends an hour later at 1000-->in the "-10" time zone on Peleliu island, 4 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to bomb the gardens of Babelthuap. | ||
The Corsairs were led by Captain McPhail, with his old wingman of Lt. Bestwick, along with Lt. Ruhsam and Lt. Wade. Each plane carried 1 Napalm Tank with Double Fused E4-R1 Igniters. | The Corsairs were led by Captain McPhail, with his old wingman of Lt. Bestwick, along with Lt. Ruhsam and Lt. Wade. Each plane carried 1 Napalm Tank with Double Fused E4-R1 Igniters. | ||
Before the mission the 4 pilots were briefed to release over the gardens that were growing on Babelthuap. | Before the mission the 4 pilots were briefed to release over the gardens that were growing on Babelthuap. | ||
The map references that they were to use were from the Special Air and Gunnery Target Map, specifically the one for the Palaus, scale 1:20,000. | The map references that they were to use were from the Special Air and Gunnery Target Map, specifically the one for the Palaus, scale 1:20,000. | ||
At this time the planes took off and headed towards Babelthuap<ref name=": | At this time the planes took off and headed towards Babelthuap<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=10 August 1945 |title=IIc(20), VMF-122, Peleliu Island THRU IIc(23), VMF-212, Guluan, Samar, Awase, Kadena; Okinawa |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/138937320?objectPage=297 |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |pages=297-298}}</ref>. | ||
==== 0930 - Reaching the gardens ==== | ==== 0930 - Reaching the gardens ==== | ||
At 0930 the four planes reached the target point over Babelthuap. The weather was observed to be 3/10 [[Cumulus clouds|cumulus]] at 5000ft. | At 0930 the four planes reached the target point over Babelthuap. The weather was observed to be 3/10 [[Cumulus clouds|cumulus]] at 5000ft. | ||
None of the planes used a bomb-sight and started their attack run on a level attack. The first plane hit the gardens at TA 699 U releasing at 50 ft going 240 kts. The second hit the garden at TA 663 W at 50ft going 220 Kts. The third hit the garden at TA 698 K at 50ft going 200 kts. FInally the fourth Corsair hit the garden at TA 717 R at 50ft going 220 kts. | None of the planes used a bomb-sight and started their attack run on a level attack. The first plane hit the gardens at TA 699 U releasing at 50 ft going 240 kts. The second hit the garden at TA 663 W at 50ft going 220 Kts. The third hit the garden at TA 698 K at 50ft going 200 kts. FInally the fourth Corsair hit the garden at TA 717 R at 50ft going 220 kts. | ||
One of the planes with Lt. Ruhsam reported starting a "good sized fire" while strafing the town of [[Ngardmau, Babelthuap|Ngardmau]]. By someone or multiple of the members of the group Machine Gun fire was noted originating from TW(688-127). The shots were meager and inaccurate, with no other AA fire being observed<ref name=": | One of the planes with Lt. Ruhsam reported starting a "good sized fire" while strafing the town of [[Ngardmau, Babelthuap|Ngardmau]]. By someone or multiple of the members of the group Machine Gun fire was noted originating from TW(688-127). The shots were meager and inaccurate, with no other AA fire being observed<ref name=":22" />. | ||
==== 1000 ==== | ==== 1000 ==== | ||
At 1000 all the planes came back unscathed with no casualties. A report was compiled of the mission by Captain [[J. R. Fletcher]] and approved by Major [[Donald Hooten Sapp|Sapp]]<ref name=":2" />. | At 1000 all the planes came back unscathed with no casualties. A report was compiled of the mission by Captain [[J. R. Fletcher]] and approved by Major [[Donald Hooten Sapp|Sapp]]<ref name=":22" />. | ||
=== 13 August 1945 === | |||
On this monday at some unspecified time, the following officers on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 at Ulithi were interchanged on this day after having completed a months duty. The relief detail was made up of the below listed naval aviators<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 8/1-31/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77489749?objectPage=7 |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |page=7}}</ref>: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!<u>Name</u> | |||
!<u>Rank</u> | |||
!<u>Serial #</u> | |||
!<u>Service</u> | |||
|- | |||
|[[Arvid Walter Blackmun|Blackmun, Arvid W.]] | |||
|Major | |||
|09419 | |||
|USMC | |||
|- | |||
|Mc Phail, Joe | |||
|Capt. | |||
|014435 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|[[Howard W. Hackett|Hackett, Howard W.]] | |||
|1stLt. | |||
|023757 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|[[Charles F. Pendleton|Pendleton, Charles F.]] | |||
|1stLt. | |||
|023771 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|Ruhsam, John W. | |||
|1stLt. | |||
|038883 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|Wade, Robert | |||
|1stLt. | |||
|030968 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|[[John A. Woodrow|Woodrow, John A.]] | |||
|1stLt. | |||
|028104 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|- | |||
|[[John E. Fisher|Fisher, John E.]] | |||
|2ndLt. | |||
|037940 | |||
|USMCR | |||
|} | |||
This means that for some time those naval aviators went to Ulithi as the relief detail. | |||
==== 0600 - Beginning of Combat Air Patrols ==== | |||
Starting at 0600, Combat Air Patrols were sent up in the air<ref name=":3" />. | |||
==== 0800 - End of CAP and beginning of constant reconnaissance flights begin ==== | |||
At 0800 the Combat Air Patrols that were started 2 hours earlier ceased, and 5 reconnaissance flights providing almost constant coverage of the Northern Palaus began<ref name=":3" />. | |||
==== 1730 - End of the reconnaissance ==== | |||
At 1730 the constant reconnaissance provided by 5 reconnaissance flights ceased<ref name=":3" />. | |||
==== 1800 - More CAP airborne ==== | |||
At 1800 more Combat Air Patrol were airborne<ref name=":3" />. | |||
==== 2015 - Ceasing of last CAP ==== | |||
At 2015 hours the last CAP of the day ceased<ref name=":3" />. | |||
=== 2 September 1945 - Japanese surrender === | === 2 September 1945 - Japanese surrender === | ||
==== Morning ==== | ==== Morning ==== | ||
On the morning of 2 September on Sunday, Japan signed their surrender aboard the battleship [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']] in Tokyo Bay, shortly after which [[Harry S Truman|President Truman]] officially proclaimed the day as [[V-J Day]]. | On the morning of 2 September on Sunday, Japan signed their surrender aboard the battleship [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']] in Tokyo Bay, shortly after which [[Harry S Truman|President Truman]] officially proclaimed the day as [[V-J Day]]. | ||
That day General [[William Walter Rogers|Rogers]] met Lieutenant General [[Sadae Inoue|Inoue]] onboard the [[USS Amick (DE-168)|USS Amick]] off the coast of Babelthuap. It was agreed that the Japanese would immediately start evacuating all of their personnel from other islands in the group, starting with [[Malakal Island|Malakal]], to Babelthuap, Malakal becoming American occupation headquarters within ten days. | That day General [[William Walter Rogers|Rogers]] met Lieutenant General [[Sadae Inoue|Inoue]] onboard the [[USS Amick (DE-168)|USS Amick]] off the coast of Babelthuap. It was agreed that the Japanese would immediately start evacuating all of their personnel from other islands in the group, starting with [[Malakal Island|Malakal]], to Babelthuap, Malakal becoming American occupation headquarters within ten days. | ||
From hereon out the purpose of the squadron became the observation of activity and movement of the Japanese which will be taking place in conformity with the plan mentioned. | From hereon out the purpose of the squadron became the observation of activity and movement of the Japanese which will be taking place in conformity with the plan mentioned. | ||
Inclement weather caused the cancelling of the afternoon reconnaissance flight and the dusk Combat Air Patrol. | Inclement weather caused the cancelling of the afternoon reconnaissance flight and the dusk Combat Air Patrol. | ||
A four-plane scramble alert was maintained throughout the day. | A four-plane scramble alert was maintained throughout the day<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77579655?objectPage=3 |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |pages=3-4}}</ref>. | ||
==== 0620 - Dawn CAP of 3 planes ==== | ==== 0620 - Dawn CAP of 3 planes ==== | ||
At dawn, or more specifically 0620, a Combat Air Patrol of 3 of the squadron's planes took off and flew a section tactics hop. | At dawn, or more specifically 0620, a Combat Air Patrol of 3 of the squadron's planes took off and flew a section tactics hop<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== 0750 - CAP returns ==== | ==== 0750 - CAP returns ==== | ||
At 0750 the CAP of 3 planes ended. | At 0750 the CAP of 3 planes ended<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== 0815 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ==== 0815 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ||
One four-plane morning reconnaissance flight, despite the weather, was airborne at this time. | One four-plane morning reconnaissance flight, despite the weather, was airborne at this time<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== 0920 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ==== 0920 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ||
At 0920 the first four-plane reconnaissance flight came back. | At 0920 the first four-plane reconnaissance flight came back<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== 0925 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ==== 0925 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ||
At 0925 | At 0925 the second four-plane morning reconnaissance flight, despite the weather, was airborne at this time<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== 1030 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ==== 1030 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back ==== | ||
At 1030 the second four-plane reconnaissance flight came back. On one or both of these flights there was no note of change in the form of Japanese activity on the islands to the north. | At 1030 the second four-plane reconnaissance flight came back. On one or both of these flights there was no note of change in the form of Japanese activity on the islands to the north<ref name=":4" />. | ||
==== Celebrations from the news of the war's end ==== | ==== Celebrations from the news of the war's end ==== | ||
After the surrender was announced, people on Peleliu reacted by celebrating. People drank and partied, with people drinking a beer or two. At least for people like Captain McPhail, it was a euphoric feeling, as the war was 4 long years old, a long way from home. Apparently there was someone on Okinawa where it was claimed that even some guys got injured from shooting guns and the shrapnel falling on them. | After the surrender was announced, people on Peleliu reacted by celebrating. People drank and partied, with people drinking a beer or two. At least for people like Captain McPhail, it was a euphoric feeling, as the war was 4 long years old, a long way from home. Apparently there was someone on Okinawa where it was claimed that even some guys got injured from shooting guns and the shrapnel falling on them. | ||
Once the war was over, Captain McPhail (and probably many others) were trying to find a way to get back home<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe McPhail - 2 September 1945 - Surrender of Japan |url=https://wwii-archives.org/index.php/Joe_McPhail#2_September_1945_-_Surrender_of_Japan |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[WWII Archives]]}}</ref>. | Once the war was over, Captain McPhail (and probably many others) were trying to find a way to get back home<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe McPhail - 2 September 1945 - Surrender of Japan |url=https://wwii-archives.org/index.php/Joe_McPhail#2_September_1945_-_Surrender_of_Japan |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[WWII Archives]]}}</ref>. | ||
=== 11 September 1945 - 8 of the squadron pilots on Ulithi come back === | |||
On this day 8 of the squadron pilots who were sent on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 on 13 August of this year returned. The remainder were scheduled to return the next day. | |||
Also on this day 3 four-plane reconnaissance hops were flown. The Japanese were observed to be at work repairing the airstrip on Babelthuap for the first time since the cessation of hostilities. | |||
Finally on the same day, 16 pilots flew division tactics hops, and 3 Corsairs were taken up for engine time. The all-day alert standby was maintained<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77579655?objectPage=6 |access-date=5 April 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |page=6}}</ref>. | |||
=== 12 September 1945 - The last 4 pilots on Special Temporary Aviation Duty come back === | |||
On 12 September the remaining 4 pilots on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 returned on this day, securing that activity so far as VMF-122 is concerned. | |||
Today 3 divisions flew reconnaissance flights, noting continuing work on repair of the Babelthuap airstrip. | |||
20 pilots flew division tactics hops, and a two-plane radar calibration flight was airborne, as was one plane for engine time. Just like the previous day, the all-day alert standby was maintained<ref name=":5" />. | |||
=== 15 September 1945 - 151 of the squadron personnel leave === | === 15 September 1945 - 151 of the squadron personnel leave === | ||
On this Saturday poor weather again grounded all the scheduled flights with the exception of a four-plane reconnaissance hop airborne from 0800-0850. This four-plane alert remained from 0700 to 1900. | On this Saturday poor weather again grounded all the scheduled flights with the exception of a four-plane reconnaissance hop airborne from 0800-0850. This four-plane alert remained from 0700 to 1900. | ||
During this day 151 of the squadron's enlisted personnel who came ashore during the landing a year before (September 1944) left to go home in the States that day, transferring to [[Personnel Group]], [[Marine Fleet Air, West Coast]]. These men were replaced by 100 men joining from [[Service Squadron, Marine Air Group 11|MAG 11 Service Squadron]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1945 |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77579655?objectPage=7 |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |page=7}}</ref>. | During this day 151 of the squadron's enlisted personnel who came ashore during the landing a year before (September 1944) left to go home in the States that day, transferring to [[Personnel Group]], [[Marine Fleet Air, West Coast]]. These men were replaced by 100 men joining from [[Service Squadron, Marine Air Group 11|MAG 11 Service Squadron]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1945 |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77579655?objectPage=7 |access-date=1 March 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]] |page=7}}</ref>. | ||
== Citations == | == Citations == | ||
| Line 215: | Line 290: | ||
* {{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/101709978?objectPage=13 |access-date=29 February 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]}} | * {{Cite web |title=VMF-122 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45 |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/101709978?objectPage=13 |access-date=29 February 2024 |website=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]}} | ||
* | |||
[[Category:Group Articles]] | [[Category:Group Articles]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:08, 5 April 2024
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
I wasn't able to find all of the people named and so cannot link to their future articles. Someone will have to add all of their names and all the other missions that were reported for this squadron in |
 | This article doesn't have enough information
The author(s) of this article created it without giving it any great amount of content, nor an abundant amount of sources to work with. |
Marine Fighting Squadron 122 (Abbreviated as VMF-122) was a Marine Fighter Squadron in the United States Marine Corps during the Second World War
Formation and history
18 June 1945 - Adverse weather and new pilots
0600 to 1915 - Four planes on standby during bad weather
All scheduled flighters were cancelled due to continued adverse weather conditions reported. An alert standby of four aircraft and pilots was maintained between these times[1].
Additional 16 pilots
On 18 June 16 pilots joined VMF-122. The list was as follows[1]:
| This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
I can't find the full names of the most of the people involved. Therefore more research will be needed to find out more about who is who. Use the Joe McPhail article for more information |
| Name | Rank | Serial # | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESCOT, FELIX S. | CAPT. | 011680 | UMSCR |
| MC PHAIL, JOE | CAPT. | 014435 | UMSCR |
| ALLEY, STUART C., JR. | 1ST LT. | 031495 | UMSCR |
| FELITON, JAMES A. | 1ST LT. | 029172 | UMSC |
| RUHSAM, JOHN W | 1ST LT. | 038983 | UMSCR |
| SHARP, JAMES, II | 1ST LT. | 031365 | UMSCR |
| SHIRLEY, WALTER M. | 1ST LT. | 029434 | UMSCR |
| THACKER, GLENN G. | 1ST LT. | 029654 | UMSCR |
| BADE, ROBERT | 1ST LT. | 030908 | UMSCR |
| WEITZEL, CHARLES W., JR. | 1ST LT. | 029059 | UMSCR |
| BACON, CHARLES E., JR. | 2ND LT. | 034810 | UMSCR |
| BARRETT, RAYMOND M. | 2ND LT. | 032037 | UMSCR |
| KLINE, CHARLES L., JR. | 2ND LT. | 032553 | UMSCR |
| KNUDSON, LAMAR A. | 2ND LT. | 037233 | UMSCR |
| MC COLLOUGH, ORGAIN L.,JR | 2ND LT. | 032749 | UMSCR |
| MILLER, NORMAN S. | 2ND LT. | 033931 | UMSCR |
The serial numbers would be referring to the Bureau numbers of their Corsairs. The USMCR would indicate that all but one (James A Feliton) is in the Marine Corps Reserve, unlike Felton who is in the USMC. The list includes Joe McPhail. Another was John Ruhsam.
3 July 1945 - Bombing west Ngatpang on Babelthuap
On 3 July 12 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to take off on a mission of bombing West Ngatpang on Babelthuap. The pilots that would be participating were:
- Captain Scherer
- Lt. Dorrell
- Lt Bacon
- Lt. Barrett
- Lt. Bestwick
- Lt. Ruhsam
- Lt. Wade
- Lt. Feliton
- Lt Weitzel
- Lt. Thacker
- Lt. Miller
- Capt. McPhail
The pilots were briefed beforehand on the mission. They would have been told of the fact that by this time the installations and settlement that formed West Ngatpang had been reduced to rubble, however the area was still reported to contain a different variety of supplies. On either side of the road were concealed beneath the dense foliage, were the supplies, which, according to informations from POWs, were looked after and presumably cherished by many units around the area being well known locally.
The pilots were briefed to area bomb this district, located 2.5 miles inland from the West Coast. The target area was an area of 500 x 400 yds[2].
1000 - Takeoff
At 1000 all 12 planes, loaded with each 2 500 lbs G.P bombs with .1 Nose .025 Tail fuze settings, fueled on average with 230, took off from Peleliu for their mission[2].
1025 - Arrival over target
25 minutes after takeoff and flying for 60 miles, the group arrived at West Ngatpang. The had clear visibility of the target with 3/10 light cumulus clouds at 4500ft with visibility for 25 miles. The approach was made from the west and were planned to come out the same way to permit a water landing if they were hit. All planes dove at 50° without a bomb sight.
Captain Scherer released his bomb at 3000ft both on TA 654 Roger. Lt. Dorrell released also at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Queer. Lt. Bacon released at 2500 ft both bombs hitting TA 654 Item. Lt Barrett released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Lt. Bestwick released 2500 ft with both hitting TA 654 Sugar. Ruhsam released at 1500 ft making a direct hit on AA position in TA 654 George. Wade released also at 1500 ft both hitting TA 654 Able. Feliton released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 654 Queen. Weitzel released at 2500 ft both hitting TA 636 Able. Thacker released at 3000 ft both hitting TA 654 Love. Miller released his bombs at 2500 ft in TA 654 (exact position not known). McPhail released his at 2500 ft both landing in TA 654 Mike.
All the ordonnances would have exploded with no duds. The pilots believed that they had done considerable damage but observed that the target area was still well covered. They also didn't observe any secondary explosions.
With the exception of the AA being hit, the other damage from the other bombs was undetermined.
On the mission the pilots only encountered moderate 20-50mm AA, and noted that the air was filled with about 25-30 black puffs of medium calibre AA which detonated from 10,000 to 4000 ft, none of which was sufficiently close to cause concern.
In total 800 rounds of .50 cal were expended[2].
1100 - Return
At 1100 local time the 12 Corsairs returned from their mission without any casualties or causes of concern. A report was conducted by Captain Fletcher and approved by Major Sapp[2].
8 July 1945 - Bombing Bivouac and supply area in Babelthuap
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10 August 1945
0900
At 0900 in the "-10" time zone on Peleliu island, 4 F4U-1D Corsairs were scheduled to bomb the gardens of Babelthuap.
The Corsairs were led by Captain McPhail, with his old wingman of Lt. Bestwick, along with Lt. Ruhsam and Lt. Wade. Each plane carried 1 Napalm Tank with Double Fused E4-R1 Igniters.
Before the mission the 4 pilots were briefed to release over the gardens that were growing on Babelthuap.
The map references that they were to use were from the Special Air and Gunnery Target Map, specifically the one for the Palaus, scale 1:20,000.
At this time the planes took off and headed towards Babelthuap[3].
0930 - Reaching the gardens
At 0930 the four planes reached the target point over Babelthuap. The weather was observed to be 3/10 cumulus at 5000ft.
None of the planes used a bomb-sight and started their attack run on a level attack. The first plane hit the gardens at TA 699 U releasing at 50 ft going 240 kts. The second hit the garden at TA 663 W at 50ft going 220 Kts. The third hit the garden at TA 698 K at 50ft going 200 kts. FInally the fourth Corsair hit the garden at TA 717 R at 50ft going 220 kts.
One of the planes with Lt. Ruhsam reported starting a "good sized fire" while strafing the town of Ngardmau. By someone or multiple of the members of the group Machine Gun fire was noted originating from TW(688-127). The shots were meager and inaccurate, with no other AA fire being observed[3].
1000
At 1000 all the planes came back unscathed with no casualties. A report was compiled of the mission by Captain J. R. Fletcher and approved by Major Sapp[3].
13 August 1945
On this monday at some unspecified time, the following officers on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 at Ulithi were interchanged on this day after having completed a months duty. The relief detail was made up of the below listed naval aviators[4]:
| Name | Rank | Serial # | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blackmun, Arvid W. | Major | 09419 | USMC |
| Mc Phail, Joe | Capt. | 014435 | USMCR |
| Hackett, Howard W. | 1stLt. | 023757 | USMCR |
| Pendleton, Charles F. | 1stLt. | 023771 | USMCR |
| Ruhsam, John W. | 1stLt. | 038883 | USMCR |
| Wade, Robert | 1stLt. | 030968 | USMCR |
| Woodrow, John A. | 1stLt. | 028104 | USMCR |
| Fisher, John E. | 2ndLt. | 037940 | USMCR |
This means that for some time those naval aviators went to Ulithi as the relief detail.
0600 - Beginning of Combat Air Patrols
Starting at 0600, Combat Air Patrols were sent up in the air[4].
0800 - End of CAP and beginning of constant reconnaissance flights begin
At 0800 the Combat Air Patrols that were started 2 hours earlier ceased, and 5 reconnaissance flights providing almost constant coverage of the Northern Palaus began[4].
1730 - End of the reconnaissance
At 1730 the constant reconnaissance provided by 5 reconnaissance flights ceased[4].
1800 - More CAP airborne
At 1800 more Combat Air Patrol were airborne[4].
2015 - Ceasing of last CAP
At 2015 hours the last CAP of the day ceased[4].
2 September 1945 - Japanese surrender
Morning
On the morning of 2 September on Sunday, Japan signed their surrender aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, shortly after which President Truman officially proclaimed the day as V-J Day.
That day General Rogers met Lieutenant General Inoue onboard the USS Amick off the coast of Babelthuap. It was agreed that the Japanese would immediately start evacuating all of their personnel from other islands in the group, starting with Malakal, to Babelthuap, Malakal becoming American occupation headquarters within ten days.
From hereon out the purpose of the squadron became the observation of activity and movement of the Japanese which will be taking place in conformity with the plan mentioned.
Inclement weather caused the cancelling of the afternoon reconnaissance flight and the dusk Combat Air Patrol.
A four-plane scramble alert was maintained throughout the day[5].
0620 - Dawn CAP of 3 planes
At dawn, or more specifically 0620, a Combat Air Patrol of 3 of the squadron's planes took off and flew a section tactics hop[5].
0750 - CAP returns
At 0750 the CAP of 3 planes ended[5].
0815 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back
One four-plane morning reconnaissance flight, despite the weather, was airborne at this time[5].
0920 - First four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back
At 0920 the first four-plane reconnaissance flight came back[5].
0925 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back
At 0925 the second four-plane morning reconnaissance flight, despite the weather, was airborne at this time[5].
1030 - Second four-plane reconnaissance flight comes back
At 1030 the second four-plane reconnaissance flight came back. On one or both of these flights there was no note of change in the form of Japanese activity on the islands to the north[5].
Celebrations from the news of the war's end
After the surrender was announced, people on Peleliu reacted by celebrating. People drank and partied, with people drinking a beer or two. At least for people like Captain McPhail, it was a euphoric feeling, as the war was 4 long years old, a long way from home. Apparently there was someone on Okinawa where it was claimed that even some guys got injured from shooting guns and the shrapnel falling on them.
Once the war was over, Captain McPhail (and probably many others) were trying to find a way to get back home[6].
11 September 1945 - 8 of the squadron pilots on Ulithi come back
On this day 8 of the squadron pilots who were sent on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 on 13 August of this year returned. The remainder were scheduled to return the next day.
Also on this day 3 four-plane reconnaissance hops were flown. The Japanese were observed to be at work repairing the airstrip on Babelthuap for the first time since the cessation of hostilities.
Finally on the same day, 16 pilots flew division tactics hops, and 3 Corsairs were taken up for engine time. The all-day alert standby was maintained[7].
12 September 1945 - The last 4 pilots on Special Temporary Aviation Duty come back
On 12 September the remaining 4 pilots on Special Temporary Aviation Duty with MAG 45 returned on this day, securing that activity so far as VMF-122 is concerned.
Today 3 divisions flew reconnaissance flights, noting continuing work on repair of the Babelthuap airstrip.
20 pilots flew division tactics hops, and a two-plane radar calibration flight was airborne, as was one plane for engine time. Just like the previous day, the all-day alert standby was maintained[7].
15 September 1945 - 151 of the squadron personnel leave
On this Saturday poor weather again grounded all the scheduled flights with the exception of a four-plane reconnaissance hop airborne from 0800-0850. This four-plane alert remained from 0700 to 1900.
During this day 151 of the squadron's enlisted personnel who came ashore during the landing a year before (September 1944) left to go home in the States that day, transferring to Personnel Group, Marine Fleet Air, West Coast. These men were replaced by 100 men joining from MAG 11 Service Squadron[8].
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "VMF-122 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45". National Archives and Records Administration. p. 13. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "IIc(20), VMF-122, Peleliu Island THRU IIc(23), VMF-212, Guluan, Samar, Awase, Kadena; Okinawa". National Archives and Records Administration. 3 July 1945. pp. 179–183. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "IIc(20), VMF-122, Peleliu Island THRU IIc(23), VMF-212, Guluan, Samar, Awase, Kadena; Okinawa". National Archives and Records Administration. 10 August 1945. pp. 297–298. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "VMF-122 - War Diary, 8/1-31/45". National Archives and Records Administration. p. 7. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45". National Archives and Records Administration. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ↑ "Joe McPhail - 2 September 1945 - Surrender of Japan". WWII Archives. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45". National Archives and Records Administration. p. 6. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ↑ "VMF-122 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45". National Archives and Records Administration. September 1945. p. 7. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
Bibliography
- "VMF-122 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
Contributors: Paul Sidle